Words explained

Short forms, explained

NEET, CUET, ITI, PSC… Here is what each short form on our roadmaps means, in plain words. On any roadmap, tap an underlined word to see this too.

AFCATAir Force Common Admission Test

Exam for graduates to become officers in the Indian Air Force.

AIBEAll India Bar Examination

Exam a law graduate must pass to work as a lawyer in court.

AICTEAll India Council for Technical Education

Central body that approves engineering, management and other technical colleges and courses.

AIIMSAll India Institute of Medical Sciences

Top government medical colleges and hospitals; admission is through the national medical entrance test.

AILETAll India Law Entrance Test

Entrance test for law courses at National Law University, Delhi.

AISSEEAll India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination

Entrance test for admission to Sainik Schools in Class 6 and Class 9.

ANMAuxiliary Nurse Midwife

A shorter nursing course after Class 12, to work as a health worker in villages and health centres.

AYUSHAyurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy

India's traditional systems of medicine, each with its own doctor's degree.

B.ArchBachelor of Architecture

Degree to become an architect, who designs buildings.

B.ComBachelor of Commerce

College degree in commerce: accounts, business, tax and economics.

B.DesBachelor of Design

College degree in design, such as fashion, products, communication or interiors.

B.EdBachelor of Education

Teacher-training degree after graduation, needed to teach middle and higher school classes.

B.PharmBachelor of Pharmacy

Degree about medicines, how they are made, tested and sold; leads to pharmacist jobs.

B.ScBachelor of Science

College degree in science subjects like physics, chemistry, biology or maths; also nursing and agriculture.

B.TechBachelor of Technology

The main engineering degree after Class 12, usually through an engineering entrance test.

BABachelor of Arts

College degree in arts subjects like history, Hindi, political science or economics.

BAMSBachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery

Degree to become an Ayurveda doctor; admission is through the national medical entrance test.

BBABachelor of Business Administration

College degree in running a business: management, marketing, accounts and people.

BCABachelor of Computer Applications

College degree in computers and programming, a common choice after Class 12.

BDSBachelor of Dental Surgery

Degree to become a dentist; admission is through the national medical entrance test.

BHMSBachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery

Degree to become a homoeopathy doctor; admission is through the national medical entrance test.

BJMCBachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication

College degree in journalism and media: news, television, radio and advertising.

BPLBelow Poverty Line

Government label for very poor families; it brings extra help and benefits.

BSFBorder Security Force

Armed police force that guards India's land borders.

BVScBachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

Degree to become a vet, a doctor for animals.

CAChartered Accountant

Professional who handles accounts, audit and tax; you can start the course after Class 12.

CAPFCentral Armed Police Forces

Central police forces like the Border Security Force and Central Reserve Police Force.

CBSECentral Board of Secondary Education

National school board that holds Class 10 and Class 12 board exams for many schools.

CBTComputer Based Test

An exam you take on a computer at a test centre, not on paper.

CDSCombined Defence Services

Exam for graduates to become officers in the Army, Navy or Air Force.

CETCommon Entrance Test

A shared entrance test, often run by a state, for college admission or for shortlisting job applicants.

CGLCombined Graduate Level

Staff Selection Commission exam for graduates, for central government office and inspector jobs.

CHSLCombined Higher Secondary Level

Staff Selection Commission exam after Class 12, for clerk and data entry jobs.

CISFCentral Industrial Security Force

Armed police force that guards airports, metro stations and big government plants.

CLATCommon Law Admission Test

Entrance test after Class 12 for law degrees at most National Law Universities.

CMACost and Management Accountant

Professional who works on costs, budgets and business accounts; the course can start after Class 12.

CPOCentral Police Organisation

Staff Selection Commission exam for graduates to become Sub-Inspector in Delhi Police and central police forces.

CRPFCentral Reserve Police Force

India's largest armed police force; it helps states keep law and order.

CSCompany Secretary

Professional who makes sure a company follows the law; the course can start after Class 12.

CSATCivil Services Aptitude Test

Aptitude paper in the first stage of civil services exams; you only need to pass it.

CSIRCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research

Government group of science labs; its national test leads to research fellowships.

CTETCentral Teacher Eligibility Test

National test that makes you eligible to teach in central government schools.

CUETCommon University Entrance Test

One entrance test after Class 12 for admission to central universities and many other colleges.

D.El.EdDiploma in Elementary Education

Teacher-training course after Class 12, to teach primary classes.

D.PharmDiploma in Pharmacy

Pharmacy diploma after Class 12 that lets you work as a registered pharmacist.

DDU-GKYDeen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

Free government skill training with job placement for rural young people from poor families.

DG ShippingDirectorate General of Shipping

Government office that approves merchant navy institutes and certifies seafarers.

DGCADirectorate General of Civil Aviation

Government office that controls flying in India and issues pilot licences.

DIKSHADigital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing

Free government app and website with textbooks, lessons and videos for school students.

DSPDeputy Superintendent of Police

A senior police officer post, often filled through state civil service exams.

EWSEconomically Weaker Section

Reservation category for low-income families who are not in the other reserved categories.

FMGEForeign Medical Graduate Examination

Test that doctors who studied medicine abroad must pass to work in India.

GATEGraduate Aptitude Test in Engineering

Exam after an engineering or science degree, for master's admission and many government company jobs.

GDGeneral Duty

The ordinary soldier or constable post, as in the army or the constable exam.

GDSGramin Dak Sevak

Job in a village post office, given on Class 10 marks without a written exam.

GNMGeneral Nursing and Midwifery

Nursing diploma after Class 12, to work as a staff nurse.

IASIndian Administrative Service

Top civil service; its officers run districts as collectors and lead government departments.

IBPSInstitute of Banking Personnel Selection

Body that holds exams for clerk and officer jobs in government banks.

ICAIInstitute of Chartered Accountants of India

Official body that runs the chartered accountant course and exams.

ICARIndian Council of Agricultural Research

Central body for farm research and agricultural universities; it runs farm-science admissions.

IGNOUIndira Gandhi National Open University

Government open university where you can study for a degree from home.

IHMInstitute of Hotel Management

Government hotel management colleges; admission is through a national hotel management entrance test.

IIITIndian Institute of Information Technology

Institutes focused on computers and information technology, many run with government support.

IIScIndian Institute of Science

India's top science research institute, in Bengaluru; it also offers a science degree after Class 12.

IISERIndian Institute of Science Education and Research

Science institutes offering a combined bachelor's and master's in science after Class 12.

IITIndian Institute of Technology

India's top engineering institutes; admission is through the advanced joint entrance exam.

INCIndian Nursing Council

Official body that sets rules for nursing courses and approves nursing colleges.

INSPIREInnovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research

Government science programme with scholarships and awards for science students.

IPSIndian Police Service

Top police service; its officers lead the police in districts and states.

ITBPIndo-Tibetan Border Police

Armed police force that guards India's mountain border with China.

ITEPIntegrated Teacher Education Programme

One course after Class 12 that gives a college degree and teacher training together.

ITIIndustrial Training Institute

Institutes that teach hands-on trades like electrician, fitter or welder, mostly after Class 10.

JAMJoint Admission Test for Masters

Test after a science degree for admission to a master's in science at top institutes.

JEJunior Engineer

Government engineering job for diploma or degree holders, for example in the railways.

JEEJoint Entrance Examination

National engineering entrance test after Class 12; Main for most colleges, Advanced for the top institutes.

JoSAAJoint Seat Allocation Authority

Common counselling that gives seats in top government engineering institutes by entrance test rank.

JRFJunior Research Fellowship

A monthly stipend for doing doctoral research, won through national tests.

KGBVKasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya

Free government residential schools for girls from poor and disadvantaged families.

KVSKendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

Body that runs Kendriya Vidyalayas (central government schools) and hires their teachers.

LLBBachelor of Laws

Law degree needed to become a lawyer; taken after Class 12 or after graduation.

M.ScMaster of Science

Master's degree in a science subject, after a science bachelor's degree.

MBAMaster of Business Administration

Master's degree in business management, after graduation.

MBBSBachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

The basic degree to become a doctor; admission is through the national medical entrance test.

MCCMedical Counselling Committee

Central committee that gives seats in many medical colleges by entrance test rank.

MDDoctor of Medicine

Specialist degree after the basic doctor's degree, in fields like medicine, children's care or radiology.

MSMaster of Surgery

Specialist surgery degree after the basic doctor's degree; in science it can also mean Master of Science.

MTSMulti-Tasking Staff

Staff Selection Commission job after Class 10, for office helper work.

MUDRAMicro Units Development and Refinance Agency

Government scheme for small business loans given through banks.

NAPSNational Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme

Government scheme for paid apprenticeships, where you learn a trade on the job with a stipend.

NATANational Aptitude Test in Architecture

Drawing and aptitude test for admission to architecture degrees.

NCCNational Cadet Corps

Military-style training for school and college students; it helps in some defence entries.

NCERTNational Council of Educational Research and Training

Central body that makes school textbooks and guides the school syllabus.

NCHMNational Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Central council for government hotel management colleges; it runs their joint entrance exam.

NCSNational Career Service

Free government website for jobs and career counselling.

NCTENational Council for Teacher Education

Official body that approves teacher-training courses and colleges.

NDANational Defence Academy

Exam after Class 12 to train as an officer in the Army, Navy or Air Force.

NEETNational Eligibility cum Entrance Test

National entrance test after Class 12 for doctor, dentist and other medical courses.

NETNational Eligibility Test

Test to become a college lecturer or to win a research fellowship.

NIDNational Institute of Design

Top government design institutes, with their own design entrance test.

NIFTNational Institute of Fashion Technology

Government fashion and design institutes, with their own entrance test.

NIOSNational Institute of Open Schooling

Government open school: study for Class 10 or 12 from home, at any age.

NITNational Institute of Technology

Top government engineering institutes; admission is through the main joint entrance exam.

NLUNational Law University

Top government law universities; most admit students through the common law admission test.

NMCNational Medical Commission

Official body that sets rules for medical education and approves medical colleges.

NMMSSNational Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme

Scholarship for bright Class 8 students from low-income families, paid through the higher classes.

NPTELNational Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning

Free online courses from top engineering institutes; you can sit an exam for a certificate.

NSPNational Scholarship Portal

One government website to apply for many central and state scholarships.

NTANational Testing Agency

Central agency that holds the big national entrance tests for medical, engineering and university admission.

NTPCNon-Technical Popular Categories

Railway exam for non-technical jobs like clerks and station masters; next to GAIL or ONGC it means the government power company.

NVSNavodaya Vidyalaya Samiti

Body that runs the free residential Navodaya schools and hires their teachers.

OBCOther Backward Classes

Reservation category for communities that are socially and educationally backward.

PCBPhysics, Chemistry, Biology

The Class 11–12 science subjects needed for medical courses.

PCIPharmacy Council of India

Official body that approves pharmacy courses; in journalism, PCI also means the Press Council of India.

PCMPhysics, Chemistry, Mathematics

The Class 11–12 science subjects needed for engineering.

PCSProvincial Civil Service

A state's own civil service, filled through the state's public service commission exam.

PGPostgraduate

Study after a first degree, such as a master's degree.

PGTPost Graduate Teacher

Teacher for Classes 11 and 12; needs a master's degree and teacher training.

PhDDoctor of Philosophy

The highest research degree, done after a master's degree.

PMKVYPradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

Free government skill-training courses with certificates for young people.

POProbationary Officer

Entry-level officer job in banks, through bank exams.

POLYCETPolytechnic Common Entrance Test

State entrance test after Class 10 for polytechnic diploma courses.

PRTPrimary Teacher

Teacher for the primary classes; needs elementary teacher training and the teacher eligibility test.

PSCPublic Service Commission

Body that holds exams for government jobs; each state has its own.

PSUPublic Sector Undertaking

A government-owned company, for example in power, oil or steel.

PwBDPersons with Benchmark Disabilities

People with at least the set level of disability; they get reservation and other concessions.

RBIReserve Bank of India

India's central bank; it makes banking rules and hires through its own exams.

RCIRehabilitation Council of India

Official body for courses in disability support, special education and clinical psychology.

RRBRailway Recruitment Board

Boards that hold the exams for railway jobs.

RTERight to Education

Law that gives children free schooling, including some free seats in private schools.

SAISports Authority of India

Government body that runs sports training centres and schemes for athletes.

SCScheduled Castes

Reservation category for communities that have faced caste discrimination.

SHe-BoxSexual Harassment electronic Box

Government website to complain about sexual harassment at work; your name is kept private.

SISub-Inspector

Police officer post above constable; often leads a small team or a police post.

SSBServices Selection Board

The multi-day interview that selects officers for the armed forces; in police pages, SSB means Sashastra Seema Bal.

SSCStaff Selection Commission

Central body that holds exams for many central government jobs.

SSLCSecondary School Leaving Certificate

The Class 10 board exam certificate in some states, such as Karnataka and Kerala.

STScheduled Tribes

Reservation category for tribal communities.

SWAYAMStudy Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds

Free government website with online courses from school to university level.

Tele-MANASTele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States

Free government mental health helpline, open day and night, in many languages.

TETTeacher Eligibility Test

Test you must pass to become a school teacher; there are central and state versions.

TGTTrained Graduate Teacher

Teacher for the middle and secondary classes; needs a degree and teacher training.

UCEEDUndergraduate Common Entrance Examination for Design

Entrance test after Class 12 for design degrees at top engineering institutes.

UDIDUnique Disability ID

National disability card that proves disability for benefits anywhere in India.

UGUndergraduate

The first college degree after Class 12, such as a bachelor's degree.

UGCUniversity Grants Commission

Official body that recognises universities and sets rules for degrees.

UPSCUnion Public Service Commission

Central body that holds exams for top government jobs, like civil services and defence officers.

UTUnion Territory

A region run directly by the central government, such as Chandigarh or Lakshadweep.

VCIVeterinary Council of India

Official body for veterinary education; it fills a share of vet college seats through national counselling.